Alcohol and heartburn are two things that have become synonymous with each other. It’s almost as if one cannot be present without the other. For those who suffer from heartburn, it’s a known fact that alcohol triggers this condition. But have you ever wondered why? What is it about alcohol that causes heartburn? The answer may surprise you. While alcohol is known to relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which is the “gatekeeper” between the stomach and esophagus, this is not the only reason it triggers heartburn. Recent studies have shown that alcohol also increases the production of stomach acid, exacerbating heartburn symptoms. So, whether you’re a social drinker or a heavy one, understanding the relationship between alcohol and heartburn is essential for managing this condition. In this article, we’ll delve deeper into why alcohol triggers heartburn and what you can do to prevent it.

What is Heartburn?

Heartburn is caused by acid reflux. When stomach acid travels back into the throat, for many, this action causes a burning sensation in the chest or throat; the condition affects millions of people worldwide. While occasional heartburn is not a cause for concern, frequent occurrences can indicate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

What Causes Heartburn?

Various factors, including certain foods, medications, and lifestyle choices, can cause heartburn. Common heartburn triggers include spicy foods, fatty foods, caffeine, carbonated drinks, smoking, and large meals. Stress and anxiety can also contribute to heartburn.

The Link Between Alcohol and Heartburn

Alcohol is a known trigger of heartburn. It is a relaxant that can cause the LES to open, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. However, recent studies have shown that alcohol can also increase the production of stomach acid, exacerbating heartburn symptoms.

The research explains that when you drink alcohol, the liquid passes through the stomach and into the small intestine. In the small intestine, the alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream. This process can cause the release of hormones that stimulate the production of stomach acid. The increased acidity in the stomach can then lead to heartburn.

How Alcohol Affects the Digestive System

Alcohol can affect the digestive system in several ways. One, producing more stomach acid, irritating the esophagus lining and causing heartburn and inflammation. Two, by slowing down the digestion process, which leads to food to stay in the stomach for more extended periods and putting pressure on the LES.

Thirdly, alcohol can cause inflammation in the esophagus, making it more susceptible to damage from stomach acid. This can lead to a condition called esophagitis, inflammation of the esophagus, and it can cause chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and bleeding in severe cases.

Types of Alcohol that Trigger Heartburn

Alcohol is not the best choice for individuals with acid reflux, but certain types of alcohol are less likely to trigger symptoms. When selecting a drink, it’s important to consider the acidity level, carbonation, and alcohol content. By making informed choices, you can still enjoy a drink without the risk of acid reflux.

Alcohol that is likely to cause symptoms over others includes red wine. In red wine, the high levels of tannins (tannin is a polyphenol, naturally produced by seeds, tree bark, wood, plants, leaves, and the skin of fruits. It adds to the wine’s bitterness and astringency) can irritate the esophagus and cause heartburn. Beer and carbonated drinks can also contribute to heartburn due to their high level of carbonation.

Low-acid alcoholic beverages to consider

For individuals with acid reflux, opting for low-acid alcoholic beverages can help reduce the likelihood of symptoms. Light beers, for example, tend to be less acidic compared to darker beers or ales. Indian Pale Ale has an acidity count of 5.3-5.5.

 Additionally, clear spirits, such as vodka, with a pH of 6-7, are slightly acidic to neutral. Gin can have a lower acidity level but ranges from 3.0 to 6.0, meaning that depending on the brand, it can be acidic to slightly acidic. These two spirits would be better choices for those with acid reflux. When enjoying these drinks, it’s essential to consume them in moderation and avoid mixing them with acidic mixers such as citrus juices.

Wine options for acid reflux sufferers

If you’re a wine lover, there are still options available that are less likely to trigger acid reflux. White wines, particularly those that are low in acidity, can be a good choice. Look for wines made from grapes such as Chardonnay, Riesling, or Pinot Grigio, as they tend to have a lower acidity level compared to red wines. Avoiding heavily oaked wines’s also a good idea, as the oak aging process can increase acidity.

Spirits and cocktails to enjoy in moderation

While some individuals with an acid reflux condition can enjoy alcohol, it’s essential to consume these drinks in moderation. When it comes to cocktails, opting for simple mixes such as vodka soda or a gin and tonic can help reduce the risk of triggering acid reflux. Avoiding sugary mixers and citrus juices is also suggested, as they affect the digestive system, and avoiding them can help reduce inflammation. 

Tips for Avoiding Heartburn if You Choose to Drink Alcohol

• Avoid drinking on an empty stomach. Eating a meal before drinking can help absorb some of the alcohol and reduce its effects on the digestive system.
• Choose low-acidic drinks like vodka, gin, or light beer. Avoid wine, whiskey, and other high-acidic drinks.
• Drink slowly and in moderation. Pace yourself and avoid binge drinking, leading to stomach irritation and heartburn.
• Stay hydrated. Drinking water or non-caffeinated beverages can help reduce the acidity in the stomach and prevent heartburn.
• Avoid mixing alcohol with acidic mixers like fruit juices or soda. Stick to water or non-acidic mixers like tonic water or club soda.

Conclusion

Alcohol is a common trigger of heartburn, but it’s not the only one. Understanding the link between alcohol and heartburn can help you make informed drinking choices. Following the tips outlined in this article and avoiding other heartburn triggers can reduce the frequency and severity of this uncomfortable condition. If you experience heartburn frequently or it interferes with your daily activities, see a doctor for evaluation and treatment.

Citation

Chen SH, Wang JW, Li YM. Is alcohol consumption associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease? J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2010 Jun;11(6):423-8. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B1000013. PMID: 20506572; PMCID: PMC2880354.

Jiaqi Pan and others, Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Alcohol and Alcoholism, Volume 54, Issue 1, January 2019, Pages 62–69, https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agy063.